00:00:00 - Beginning of Q&A
00:02:47 - **Q:** Are there any supplements one can take or lifestyle modifications one can do to help with long-haul covid symptoms? 
00:04:30 - There are over 100 ongoing clinical trials on long-haul COVID. [1](https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=long+term+covid&term=&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=), [2](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33213529/), [3](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32503663/)
00:06:45 - Preliminary clinical data show that luteolin improves recovery of smell and taste after COVID and animal research shows it improves brain fog. [1](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34156697/), [2](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26190965/)
00:18:27 - **Q:** Is it really necessary to take statins for familial hypercholesterolemia or are there other ways to maintain our health with this genetic condition? [1](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29348020/)
00:20:10 - **Q:** For people with high LDL and small LDL particle size, who haven’t resolved this with diet and exercise, what are your thoughts about the monoclonal antibody PCSK9-inhibitors vs starting a statin? [1](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25915661/), [2](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28304224/), [3](https://www.goodrx.com/repatha)
00:23:57 - **Q:** Could you explain the difference between the types of cholesterol testing available?
00:31:30 - There are multiple factors that can cause inaccurate cholesterol tests results. Multiple tests may be useful.
00:33:01 - **Q:** How can you convert between LDL Patterns A&B? [1](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8299884/), [2](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16166563/), [3](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5293238/)
00:44:35 - **Q:** What are your thoughts on this study on micronutrient supplementation and acute respiratory infection? [1](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7818810/)
00:48:06 - **Q:** How does body weight affect vitamin D dosage? [1](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4220998/)
00:51:00 - There is no high quality evidence that omega-3 increases the risk of prostate cancer.
00:55:17 - **Q:** If I want to grow muscle hypertrophy in just my upper body, I would assume I don’t have to consume as many calories as if I was trying to build up my entire body. But then some friends in the gym said that your body will grow all muscles more if you work your entire body. I hope it’s not true since consuming twice as many calories is difficult, it’s a lot to eat! Do you know of any evidence of this being true?
00:56:17 - After the age of 50, most people lose 1-2% of muscle mass per year due to a process called sarcopenia [1](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21475695/)
00:56:41 - Increasing protein in your diet increases your muscle gains up to a certain point. A meta-analysis of 49 exercise studies found that more protein in the diet increased muscle mass gains up to 1.6 g/kg body weight. [1](https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/52/6/376) 
01:00:35 - **Q:** Should I avoid whey protein and why? Is it too high protein?Could it affect the absorption of the micronutrients in a smoothie? Does it raise cholesterol? [1](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28642676/)
01:03:10 - **Q:** If I have adequate vitamin D levels in my blood, and stop taking a vitamin D daily supplement (and don't get adequate sunshine), how long will it take for my vitamin D blood levels to become deficient?
01:05:55 - **Q:** I wonder if you are aware of any research suggesting what to do to avoid chromosomal abnormalities in pregnancy. Is there anything that might suggest how to lower the risk? [1](https://www.nutri-facts.org/en_US/news/articles/micronutrients-and-the-human-genome.html)
01:09:42 - **Q:** I use reusable coffee filters that don’t filter out coffee oils. Do coffee oils have positive or negative health impacts? Should coffee oils be avoided during intermittent fasting or time-restricted eating?
01:13:41 - **Q:** What can we do to support our detoxification? What supplements are particularly relevant? 
01:15:35 - **Q:** How to support arsenic/heavy metal excretion through urine?
01:17:16 - **Q:** Are the oils contained in fish oils only found in fish? Any supplements that contain all the same but from a different source? 
01:17:45 - **Q:** Can you talk about caffeine found in matcha green tea and how it affects the adenosine receptors?
01:18:02 - **Q:** You mentioned in Aliquot #45 that people can have long-term symptoms of COVID even if they don’t get sick or hospitalized. Does this mean that if we are vaccinated, get back to normal, and then still catch COVID that we could have long-term symptoms?
01:18:35 - **Q:** What are your thoughts on smoked fish such as salmon or mackerel? Do you think it's a helpful way to get additional omega 3 in your diet or are they something you would always avoid?
01:19:15 - **Q:** Is a high omega-3 index bad?