Q&A #19 with Dr. Rhonda Patrick (1/9/2021)

        00:02:42 - COVID-19 and autoantibodies.
00:07:20 - How the COVID-19 vaccine works.
00:09:10 - The safety profile of the COVID-19 vaccine.
00:11:06 - Some people are at higher risk for adverse reactions to the COVID-19 vaccine.
00:16:48 - Is there an upper limit to how much exercise is healthy? [1](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25844730/) [2](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22677079/) [3](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC28577/) [4](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22953596/) [5](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3756592/) [6](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6139866/) [7](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29050797/)
00:21:10 - Calcium supplementation for premenopausal women: Do benefits outweigh risks for women with a family history of kidney stones and osteoporosis?
00:22:12 - Low calcium intake can increase risk of calcium oxalate kidney stones. [1](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8441427/)
00:23:00 - Calcium supplementation can slightly increase risk of kidney stones when not taken with a meal [1](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9092314/)
00:28:32 - Rhonda's thoughts on supplementing with astaxanthin. [1](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3917265/)
00:30:18 - What are the technical requirements for lamps to treat seasonal affective disorder (SAD)? [1](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26374931/) [2](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2371371/) [3](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2679625/)
00:32:26 - What are the acute effects of fasting (24hr+) on inflammation (e.g., CRP, interleukins, TNF-alpha)?
00:32:48 - Eight weeks of time-restricted eating with 8-hour eating windows in male athletes led to 19% decrease in IL-6, 8% decrease in TNF-alpha, and a 13% decrease in IL-1 beta. [1](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12967-016-1044-0)
00:33:54 - Studies have shown that after practicing Ramadan, subjects have lowered levels of IL-6, CRP, homocysteine, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha. [1](https://www.karger.com/Article/PDF/100954?casa_token=ZahkeVx-cTgAAAAA:845wfumddORiYYt-wFuA5t3zPWymNWvbMYPze6pMoLq6I8RYVZ3rp4V7dZWBKkAhVN5bvXno) [2](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23244540/)
00:35:27 - Alternate-day fasting for 4 months in patients with metabolic syndrome led to significant decrease in CRP but not TNF-alpha or IL-6. [1](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32003649/)
00:35:50 - Every standard deviation increase in fasting blood sugar is associated with a 14% increase in CRP. [1](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18691271/)
00:37:00 - What kind of time-restricted eating I practice now.
00:37:50 - Which is better? A weekly 24-hour fast or a quarterly 3-day fast?
00:46:30 - Is there a benefit of being in a state of ketosis when starting a fast?
00:48:35 - Why saunas might transiently increase blood glucose levels. [1](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6430508/)
00:49:40 - Heat therapy is associated with a decrease in hemoglobin A1C in diabetics. [1](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26049635/)
00:51:31 - How much protein should a person eat?
01:00:00 - [FoundMyFitness topic article on Neu5gc](https://www.foundmyfitness.com/topics/neu5gc)
01:00:47 - Rhonda's experience with lowering LDL cholesterol.
01:02:27 - **Rapid fire questions**
01:02:27 - If someone is diagnosed with cognitive impairment or dementia, is it too late to reap any benefits from changes in diet or supplements?
01:05:26 - When is the best time for sauna use? Bfore or after exercise? On rest days or workout days? In the AM or PM? Fasted or not?
01:07:24 - Is sauna use safe for someone with heart arrhythmias?
01:08:00 - Which brand of vitamin D drops do you use for your toddler?
01:08:57 - Comparing broccoli microgreens to broccoli sprouts.
01:09:52 - Rhonda's advice for improving sleep quality.
01:12:50 - Recent data supports avoiding caffeine during pregnancy.
01:14:57 - Tactics for reducing morning fasting glucose levels.
01:15:35 - Is epithiospecifier protein in broccoli a problem? Do broccoli sprouts turn off FOXO3?
01:16:42 - What was your protocol for sauna use while breastfeeding?
01:17:30 - Why I chose to get a Hallmark 44 sauna vs other saunas and what I use now.
01:19:30 - For vitamin C supplementation, is Ester-C any better than normal ascorbic acid?
01:19:57 - How to optimize resveratrol bioavailability. [FoundMyFitness topic article on resveratrol.](https://www.foundmyfitness.com/topics/resveratrol)
01:21:00 - Is there a place to sequence your DNA anonymously?
01:21:10 - Will you offer a pre-pregnancy regimen page for optimal epigenetic traits at conception for both men and women?
01:23:03 - How do sauna and heat therapy affect men's fertility?
01:25:12 - Studies have shown that Bifidobacterium LKM512 has many health benefits. Is LKM512 the same as Strain BB-12?
01:25:56 - At what age would you recommend giving your baby fish oil and how much?