Tooth decay – a risk factor for cavities and tooth loss – often begins as white spots on the enamel, an early sign of demineralization. Strategies that promote tooth remineralization can reduce the need for invasive dental procedures. A 2022 study found that vitamin D promotes tooth remineralization, potentially reducing the risk of cavities.

Researchers gave 40 healthy adults vitamin D supplements (1,000 IU) for six weeks. They collected saliva samples from the participants at the beginning of the intervention and again at the third and sixth weeks. They exposed healthy, extracted teeth to an acidic solution to mimic the changes in pH that normally occur in the mouth in response to foods and beverages, causing demineralization. Then, they exposed the teeth to the saliva samples for 12 hours and assessed their mineral content, a measure of hardness.

They found that the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the teeth decreased considerably after exposure to the acidic solution – an indicator of demineralization. However, both minerals increased in the teeth after exposure to saliva collected from participants taking vitamin D.

These findings suggest that vitamin D promotes tooth remineralization, potentially reducing the risk of cavities. They also align with other findings showing that vitamin D helps treat gingivitis (gum disease), a major cause of tooth loss.

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin and hormone that participates in many physiological processes, including calcium balance, blood pressure regulation, immune function, and cell growth. Poor vitamin D status drives the pathogenesis of many acute and chronic diseases, including rickets, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, and cancer. Learn more about vitamin D in our comprehensive overview article.